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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(1): e6724, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889005

ABSTRACT

Basal ganglia have complex functional connections with the cerebral cortex and are involved in motor control, executive functions of the forebrain, such as the planning of movement, and cognitive behaviors based on their connections. The aim of this study was to provide detailed functional correlation patterns between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex by conducting an interregional correlation analysis of the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) data based on precise structural information. Fifteen participants were scanned with 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high resolution research tomography (HRRT)-PET fusion system using 18F-FDG. For detailed interregional correlation analysis, 24 subregions of the basal ganglia including pre-commissural dorsal caudate, post-commissural caudate, pre-commissural dorsal putamen, post-commissural putamen, internal globus pallidus, and external globus pallidus and 80 cerebral regions were selected as regions of interest on the MRI image and their glucose metabolism were calculated from the PET images. Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis was conducted for the interregional correlation analysis of the basal ganglia. Functional correlation patterns between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex were not only consistent with the findings of previous studies, but also showed new functional correlation between the dorsal striatum (i.e., caudate nucleus and putamen) and insula. In this study, we established the detailed basal ganglia subregional functional correlation patterns using 18F-FDG PET/MRI fusion imaging. Our methods and results could potentially be an important resource for investigating basal ganglia dysfunction as well as for conducting functional studies in the context of movement and psychiatric disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Basal Ganglia/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Glucose/metabolism , Reference Standards , Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Cerebral Cortex/metabolism , Reproducibility of Results , Radiopharmaceuticals
2.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 665-674, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-38914

ABSTRACT

Recent studies have reported that cognitive inflexibility associated with impairments in a frontal-striatal circuit and parietal region is a core cognitive deficit of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, few studies have examined progressive changes in these regions following clinical improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms. To determine if treatment changes the aberrant activation pattern associated with task switching in OCD, we examined the activation patterns in brain areas after treatment. The study was conducted on 10 unmedicated OCD patients and 20 matched controls using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment improved the clinical symptoms measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and behavioral flexibility indicated by the switching cost. At baseline, OCD showed significantly less activation in the dorsal and ventral frontal-striatal circuit and parietal regions under the task-switch minus task-repeat condition compared with controls. After treatment, the neural responses in the ventral frontal-striatal circuit in OCD were partially normalized, whereas the activation deficit in dorsal frontoparietal regions that mediate shifting attention or behavioral flexibility persisted. It is suggested that altered brain activation in ventral frontal-striatal regions in OCD patients is associated with their cognitive flexibility and changes in these regions may underlie the pathophysiology of OCD.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Behavioral Symptoms/drug therapy , Frontal Lobe/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/drug therapy , Parietal Lobe/drug effects
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 66(2b): 303-307, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-486213

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) the metabolites rations of the foramen of Monro's region in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). METHOD: Twelve patients with TSC and an age and gender-matched control group underwent MR imaging at a 1.5T scanner, and 1H-MRS at the foramen of Monro level with a multivoxel acquisition. Similar volumes of interest were selected in each side of the foramen of Monro and in the basal ganglia (lentiform nuclei). The obtained N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho) peak amplitude values and ratios were studied. The statistical analysis was performed and p<0.05 was considered statically significant. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios near to the foramen of Monro and basal ganglia of the TSC patients compared with the controls (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios near to the foramen of Monro and basal ganglia of TSC patients are similar to the rations obtained in the control group.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar através de espectroscopia de prótons as relações dos metabólitos da região do forame de Monro em pacientes com complexo esclerose tuberosa (CET). MÉTODO: Doze pacientes com CET e um grupo controle pareado por sexo e idade realizaram RM em aparelho de 1,5T, e a espectroscopia de prótons foi obtida ao nível do forame de Monro com aquisição multi-voxel. Volumes de interesse similares foram posicionados em cada lado do forame de Monro e nos gânglios da base (núcleos lentiformes). Os valores das relações e amplitudes de pico do N-acetilaspartato (NAA), creatina (Cr) e colina (Cho) foram estudados. A análise estatística foi realizada e valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre as relações NAA/Cr e Cho/Cr na região do forame de Monro e nos gânglios da base dos pacientes com CeT comparados com os controles (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: As relações NAA/Cr e Cho/Cr na região do forame de Monro e nos gânglios da base de pacientes com CET são semelhantes àquelas obtidas no grupo controle.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Amino Acids/metabolism , Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/metabolism , Cerebral Ventricles/metabolism , Choline/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Tuberous Sclerosis/metabolism , Aspartic Acid/analysis , Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Astrocytoma/diagnosis , Astrocytoma/metabolism , Brain Chemistry , Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Creatine/analysis , Early Detection of Cancer , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies , Protons , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
4.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 39(1): 23-36, jan.-mar. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-366297

ABSTRACT

A doença de Parkinson idiopática (DP) é um dos problemas neurológicos mais frequentes. Apesar de ainda não ter cura, existem numerosos recursos para obter controle sintomático prolongado. Entre as drogas existentes, os inibidores da catecol-O-metiltransferase (COMT), como adjuntivas à levodopa, se constituem em importante opção terapêutica dessa doença. A presente revisão tem por objetivo apresentar os fundamentos neurobiológicos, principalmente em relação ao metabolismo da dopamina em condições normais e patológicas, assim como as características dos inibidores da COMT. Espera-se que uma melhor compreensão da ação desse grupo de drogas, permita sua utilização mais adequada, visando melhor controle das manifestações típicas da doença em suas diversas fases, assim como prevenir ou atenuar as frequentemente incapacitantes complicações motoras.


Subject(s)
Humans , Catechol O-Methyltransferase , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Dopamine , Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Levodopa , Motor Neurons/metabolism
5.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 37(3/4): 5-22, dez. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-311269

ABSTRACT

A doença de Parkinson idiopática (DP) é um dos problemas neurológicos mais frequentes. Apesar de ainda não ter cura, existem numerosos recursos para obter melhora sintomática prolongada. Entre as drogas existentes, os agonistas dopaminérgicos diretos vêm ocupando lugar de destaque no tratamento dessa doença, em suas diversas fases evolutivas. A presente revisão tem por objetivo apresentar os fundamentos neurobiológicos (sistema dopaminérgico, gânglios da base e seus circuitos) em condições normais e patológicas, assim como as características dos diversos agonistas diretos, ergolínicos e nãoðergolínicos. Esperaðse assim um melhor compreensão da ação desse grupo de drogas nas diversas etapas evolutivas da DP, para utilização em monoterapia ou de modo adjuntivo, visando o melhor controle das manifestações típicas da doença, assim como prevenir ou atenuar as freqüentemente incapacitantes complicações motoras (flutuações, discinesias)


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiparkinson Agents , Bromocriptine , Parkinson Disease/metabolism , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Dopamine , Dopamine Agonists , Drug Therapy, Combination , Basal Ganglia/physiology , Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Levodopa , Lisuride , Neurons/physiology , Neurons/metabolism , Pergolide
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 49(3): 342-7, set. 1991. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-103633

ABSTRACT

É relatado o caso de uma paciente de 67 anos de idade com quadro inicial da síndrome de Shy-Drager. O diagnóstico foi possível por provas funcionais autonômicas e exames laboratoriais. A ressonância magnética cerebral (contraste baseado na densidade de prótons e em T2) objetivou preminente hipodensidade putaminal em T2, secundária ao aumento do depósito do ferro nesta regiäo. Esse achado da RM confirma o diagnóstico da síndrome de Shy-Drager e permite diferenciá-la da hipotensäo ortostática idiopática, particularmente na fase de início da SSD quando os sinais de comprometimento do SNC säo discretos ou estäo ausentes


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Female , Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Iron/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Shy-Drager Syndrome/diagnosis , Blood Pressure , Heart Rate , Shy-Drager Syndrome/physiopathology
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